The Qur'an, like the New Testament, ranks a messenger higher than a prophet. In short, in Islam every messenger is also a prophet, but not every prophet is a messenger. It also includes explicit references to prophets' book(s) / people / divine law ( Qur'an).įor Ahl al-Kitab (followers of the Holy Books), see People of the Book.ĭistinguishing between prophets and messengers The table below charts the Qur'anic verses which explicitly reference a prophet ( nabi), a messenger ( rasul), a leader ( imam) or Christ ( Messiah). Matthew, Gospel of Matthew 11:9-10 Prophets and messengers in the Qur'an It seems that in the New Testament messengers have a higher rank than prophets: Jesus Christ said about John the Baptist: "Messenger" can refer to Jesus, to his Apostles and to John the Baptist. In the New Testament, however, the word "messenger" becomes more frequent, sometimes in association with the concept of a prophet. In the Old Testament the word "prophet" (Hebrew: nabi) occurs more commonly, and the word "messenger" (Hebrew: malak) refers to angels, But the last book of the Old Testament, the Book of Malachi, speaks of a messenger that some commentators interpret as a reference to the future prophet John the Baptist. The following table shows these words in different religious languages: Prophet and Messenger in Bible The words "prophet" (Arabic: nabi, نبی) and "messenger" (Arabic: rasul, رسول) appear several times in the Old Testament and the New Testament. The corresponding verb for s̲h̲eliḥeh - s̲h̲alaḥ, occurs in connection with the prophets in the Old Testament ( Exodus 3:13-14, 4:13 Isaiah 6:8 Jeremiah 1:7). The Syriac form of rasūl Allāh (literally: "messenger of God"), s̲h̲eliḥeh d-allāhā, occurs frequently in the apocryphal Acts of St. The term for a prophetic “message”, risāla (plural: risālāt) appears in the Qur'an in ten instances. The terms rasūl (plural: rusul) and mursal (plural: mursalūn) denote “messenger” or "apostle" and occur more than 300 times. The term nubuwwa (meaning "prophethood") occurs five times in the Qur'an. These terms occur 75 times in the Qur'an. In both Arabic and Hebrew, the term nabī (plural forms: nabiyyūn and anbiyāʾ) means "prophet".
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